{"id":24628,"date":"2023-01-20T10:20:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-20T15:20:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oceana.org\/?p=24628"},"modified":"2024-12-27T14:08:04","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T19:08:04","slug":"spotlight-on-the-seas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oceana.org\/blog\/spotlight-on-the-seas\/","title":{"rendered":"Spotlight on the Seas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HOW OCEANA USES GLOBAL FISHING WATCH TO CONSERVE THE OCEANS.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In July 2018, the Spanish government fined two fishing vessels for \u201cgoing dark,\u201d aka disabling their automatic identification system (AIS) for more than 1,000 hours over several years. Turning off AIS \u2014 the device that shares a ship\u2019s direction, speed, location, and identification every 2 to 30 seconds \u2014 is dangerous, as these transmissions help prevent vessel collisions and promote transparency of fishing operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So how did the Spanish government know to call out these two bad actors when there are thousands of Spanish-flagged vessels out at sea? They were alerted about the questionable behavior by Oceana, which used Global Fishing Watch\u2019s public map to track the ships\u2019 whereabouts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Cornax conducted similar investigative work by hand many years ago. While a campaign manager at Oceana in Europe, Cornax tediously tracked the movements of a single Spanish vessel by its AIS transmissions. Oceana\u2019s Chief Policy Officer, Jacqueline Savitz, recalled Cornax plotting the ship\u2019s location every hour, using the dots created on the map to determine whether it was fishing or transiting. Her efforts led to an illuminating find: The vessel was fishing in an area where it did not have a license to operate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, a Google staff member told Savitz they could get AIS data. That\u2019s when Savitz had a lightbulb moment. What was taking Cornax months to do \u2014 tracking a fishing vessel\u2019s activities hour by hour \u2014 could actually be done very quickly by computers. And not just for one boat, but also for all other AIS-transmitting boats globally. \u201cI remember emailing her afterwards and listing all the things we could do if we had those data. We could see when people were fishing in places they weren\u2019t supposed to be, like marine protected areas, or fishing for things they weren\u2019t supposed to be fishing for.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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In 2020, Oceana used Global Fishing Watch to expose nearly 300 Chinese vessels fishing the waters off the Galapagos Marine Reserve for more than 73,000 hours in just one month. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Savitz soon found herself in a meeting with Google and SkyTruth, a nonprofit using satellite data to monitor environmental threats. SkyTruth\u2019s team had a similar idea to Savitz\u2019s. Together, the trifecta created Global Fishing Watch in 2016, an independent nonprofit that provides a free and easy online tool that uses satellite technology to give the public an unprecedented ability to view and track commercial fishing activity worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, Oceana has used the Global Fishing Watch platform to identify fishing trends at sea and spotlight bad actors. In 2020, Oceana used the Global Fishing Watch map to pinpoint nearly 300 Chinese vessels fishing the waters off the Galapagos Marine Reserve, likely for squid, for more than 73,000 hours in just one month. Oceana also spotted some Chinese vessels that were disabling their tracking devices and engaging in other suspicious activities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The expos\u00e9 raised serious alarms around the world about the impact China\u2019s massive fleet is having on the oceans. Back in Spain, Oceana used Global Fishing Watch data in its campaign to expand Cabrera National Park, an area south of Mallorca, home to rich marine life, including corals, dolphins, and whales. Oceana showed the area proposed for expansion was not heavily fished and would therefore not have a big economic impact on fisheries in the region. This helped make the case to the government, which officially expanded the park nearly tenfold in 2018, making it the second-largest marine park in the Mediterranean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BROADENING HORIZONS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Despite its groundbreaking technology, Global Fishing Watch\u2019s beginnings presented new challenges. \u201cThere were some areas where we didn\u2019t have a lot of data because of where the satellites were located or because there was so much ship traffic that it was blocking out the fishing vessels,\u201d Savitz explained. Another source of information \u2014 the vessel monitoring system (VMS) installed on some industrial fleets \u2014 could help fill in some gaps on the Global Fishing Watch map, but it was not publicly available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VMS devices are tamper-proof, and they transmit a signal once an hour. They are typically more powerful than AIS and less likely to lose their signal, whereas AIS provides more real-time information. Together, the two technologies can work
in tandem to form an even more useful tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With this knowledge, Oceana used its proven campaign approach to persuade governments to share their VMS data and publish it on the Global Fishing Watch map. First, Oceana succeeded in Peru in 2017, when the government agreed to share its VMS data \u2014 making it the first nation in South America to do so. As one of the world\u2019s most significant fishing nations, and home to an enormous anchovy fishery, Peru\u2019s collaboration with Global Fishing Watch set an important precedent and made it easier to identify, track, and stop illegal fishing in Peru\u2019s waters and empower the government to enforce its laws more effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
In 2017, following campaigning by Oceana, at least 1,300 of Peru\u2019s industrial fishing vessels, most of which were previously undetected by GFW\u2019s automatic identification system (AIS) data, were made public on the GFW map.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

From there, Oceana was instrumental in securing a string of victories in Belize, Brazil, Mexico, and Chile, which all shared their VMS data with Global Fishing Watch. Additional countries that have already shared their VMS data with Global Fishing Watch include Norway, Benin, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Papua New Guinea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTransparency and collaboration are driving real change on the water, helping put an end to illegal fishing and other destructive practices,\u201d said Tony Long, CEO of Global Fishing Watch. \u201cAs more countries share their vessel tracking data on our map, our global view of fishing activity comes into focus, enabling better ocean governance.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Securing VMS data was just the tip of the iceberg for Oceana. \u201cWe have found so many ways to use data from Global Fishing Watch to advance our campaigns and win victories for the oceans,\u201d Savitz said. Oceana has even used the Global Fishing Watch platform to create its own vessel tracking platforms: Ship Speed Watch, to monitor vessel speeds in areas where critically endangered North Atlantic right whales navigate, and Karagatan Patrol, which polices the waters of the Philippines to deter illegal fishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SLOWING DOWN TO SAVE WHALES<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since 2019, Oceana has campaigned in the United States and Canada to save North Atlantic right whales from extinction. Only around 330 of these animals remain. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

North Atlantic right whales migrate seasonally from the northern Atlantic waters of New England and Canada to the warmer southeast Atlantic waters. The whales are dark in color and difficult to spot, swim slowly at the water\u2019s surface, and lack a dorsal fin. Combined, these characteristics have put right whales in the direct path of two major threats: ship strikes and fishing gear entanglements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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A North Atlantic right whale is marked with scars from a vessel\u2019s propellers. Oceana is campaigning to slow ships down to reduce collisions with these endangered whales. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Using Ship Speed Watch, Oceana found speeding vessels are rampant on the whales\u2019 migratory route along the U.S. East Coast.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At high speeds, vessels simply cannot maneuver to avoid these slow swimmers, putting the whales at great risk of being struck. A collision can cause deadly injuries from blunt-force trauma or cuts from propellers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Slowing ships down could help reduce collisions with right whales, but many speed limits set by the U.S. and Canadian governments have been voluntary, leading to low compliance and an inability to conduct enforcement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using Global Fishing Watch data about vessel speed and direction from both fishing and shipping vessels, Oceana created a standalone platform \u2014 Ship Speed Watch \u2014 in 2020 to monitor ship speeds along the migratory route of the right whales. \u201cMost of the speeding happens beyond the horizon,\u201d Gib Brogan, Oceana Campaign Director, said. \u201cObserving these vessels and checking for compliance with speed limits has been very difficult. Now with Ship Speed Watch, the public and government enforcement agencies can monitor speeding ships from their desk.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ship Speed Watch has proven to be a powerful platform, showing where vessels are ignoring the speed zones designed to protect right whales. In 2021, Oceana found that speeding boats are rampant throughout the whales\u2019 route along the U.S. East Coast, in both the mandatory and voluntary speed zones. In Canada, though compliance is high in the mandatory zones, Oceana found this year that most vessels did not abide by the voluntary slowdown in a key right whale migratory area, the Cabot Strait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cShip Speed Watch has allowed us to paint a clear picture of this problem. We\u2019ve been able to show both the U.S. and Canadian governments that their voluntary restrictions aren\u2019t being taken seriously,\u201d Brogan added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the U.S. federal government took note. After confirming Oceana\u2019s data from Ship Speed Watch and verifying through their own analysis, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) released a new proposed vessel speed rule in July that aims to reduce the risk of vessel strikes to North Atlantic right whales. This updated proposal contains critical changes, such as including vessels greater than 35 feet in length (compared to the previous 65 feet), expanding seasonal speed zones, and upgrading current voluntary speed zones to mandatory in areas where whales are seen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The proposed rule has undergone a public comment period, and when the final rule is published, enforcement will be key. Experts at NMFS say that to save the right whales, ship speed compliance needs to be close to 100%, Brogan added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe don\u2019t want a marine mammal going extinct on our watch,\u201d said Beth Lowell, Oceana\u2019s Vice President for the United States. \u201cWith Ship Speed Watch and a strong new rule to slow down vessels, we are giving North Atlantic right whales a fighting chance at survival.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHINING A BRIGHT LIGHT ON ILLEGAL FISHING<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
In the Philippines, municipal waters are reserved for local artisanal fisherfolk. Using Karagatan Patrol, Oceana is helping to ensure their waters are protected from illegal commercial fishing. \u00a9Oceana\/Danny Ocampo<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

In the Philippines, commercial fishing vessels are known to encroach upon the country\u2019s municipal waters, which are reserved for artisanal fishers. \u201cIt impacts the health of the habitats because some of the vessels use destructive fishing methods,\u201d Danny Ocampo, Oceana\u2019s Senior Campaign Director in the Philippines, explained. \u201cThe municipal and artisanal fisherfolk cannot compete with the technology, the gear, and the capacity of these commercial vessels.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In some instances, locals have reported not being able to catch anything for a week or so after commercial fishing vessels enter their municipal waters. This means lost income and lost nutritious food. \u201cWe are considered one of the centers of marine biodiversity and nearshore fish species, but our fisherfolk are among the poorest of the poor in Philippine society,\u201d Ocampo added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When browsing Philippine waters on the Global Fishing Watch map, there is not much to see, especially when compared to other countries\u2019 waters that have both AIS and VMS data available on the map. While vessel monitoring systems are now required on vessels in the Philippines, following campaigning by Oceana and its allies, the adoption of the law is still quite slow. VMS data is still held closely by the government and compliance is only around 50% of qualified commercial fishing vessels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite these challenges, Oceana was keen to increase transparency in the Philippines. In 2019, Oceana teamed up with the League of Municipalities to create a new tool called Karagatan Patrol (\u201ckaragatan\u201d translates to \u201csea\u201d in Filipino) to empower fisherfolk, scientists, government officials, and other stakeholders to protect their municipal waters from illegal commercial fishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, the duo created the Karagatan Patrol Facebook group to allow the public, fishers, and law enforcement to post information about apparent illegal fishing in their local waters. These instances are often recorded at night because the commercial fishing vessels with bright lights can be seen from shore. A post or message to the Facebook group \u2014 either by Oceana or members of the platform \u2014 would alert the enforcement agencies and local governments who have jurisdiction over municipal waters of the alleged activity, who could directly inspect the vessel\u2019s activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These bright lights are also trackable by a technology called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), another satellite technology that captures visible and infrared images emitted by vessels at night. Access to VIIRS data was essential in taking Karagatan Patrol to the next level, said Jessie Floren, Oceana\u2019s Database Administrator, who helped Oceana launch the accompanying Karagatan Patrol web application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
Oceana\u2019s Karagatan Patrol, which tracks fishing vessels\u2019 bright lights through satellites, reported commercial fishing vessels illegally encroaching on the municipal waters of Tawi-Tawi, as shown by the red dots in the map above, on Sept. 14, 2020 (left). Oceana quickly alerted local government officials, who apprehended the five vessels before the following day on Sept. 15, 2020 (right).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe drew so much inspiration from Global Fishing Watch when creating this platform,\u201d Floren said. The Karagatan Patrol map allows the public to see VIIRS data in Philippine waters in near real time. \u201cWith VIIRS data and interaction from scientists, fisherfolk, civil society organizations, and academia, we\u2019ve created a really powerful tool.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data from Karagatan Patrol has been key in convincing national and local law enforcement and other governmental officials to reduce illegal fishing in their municipalities. Oceana sends a quarterly publication to local governments of the top \u201chot spots\u201d where apparent illegal commercial fishing is most rampant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In one instance, Floren recalled working with law enforcement in Tawi-Tawi, one of the southernmost regions of the Philippines that was consistently among the top 20 on Oceana\u2019s illegal fishing hotspot list. Officials in the region were keen to take action and get their municipality off the list. Upon receiving near real-time data from Oceana, they were able to simultaneously apprehend about five commercial fishing vessels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In just a few short years, Global Fishing Watch has shined a spotlight on fishing vessel activity around the world and has helped power Oceana\u2019s campaign efforts to increase transparency, stop illegal fishing, and restore ocean abundance. From developing new tools like Karagatan Patrol that empower local communities, to saving megafauna at the brink of extinction, to protecting key marine habitats around the world, the possibilities and potential to be discovered on Global Fishing Watch seem endless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGlobal Fishing Watch raised the bar for everyone. Now fishing vessels are visible and it\u2019s the norm,\u201d Lowell said. \u201cBy building and acting on this information, we can increase transparency in fishing. That\u2019s the way we\u2019re going to have healthy oceans.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

This article originally appeared in the Winter 2022 issue<\/a> of Oceana Magazine<\/em>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HOW OCEANA USES GLOBAL FISHING WATCH TO CONSERVE THE OCEANS. In July 2018, the Spanish government fined two fishing vessels for \u201cgoing dark,\u201d aka disabling their automatic identification system (AIS) for more than 1,000 hours over several years. Turning off AIS \u2014 the device that shares a ship\u2019s direction, speed, location, and identification every 2 … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":241,"featured_media":24607,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"location":[],"expedition":[],"campaign":[222],"ppma_author":[308],"class_list":["post-24628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","campaign-whales","infinite-scroll-item"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSpotlight on the Seas | Oceana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oceana.org\/blog\/spotlight-on-the-seas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spotlight on the Seas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"HOW OCEANA USES GLOBAL FISHING WATCH TO CONSERVE THE OCEANS. In July 2018, the Spanish government fined two fishing vessels for \u201cgoing dark,\u201d aka disabling their automatic identification system (AIS) for more than 1,000 hours over several years. Turning off AIS \u2014 the device that shares a ship\u2019s direction, speed, location, and identification every 2 ... 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